Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
(ISSN: 2659 – 0743)
Volume 7, No. 2, 2025
Pages 334-342
DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/5202.70.0260
Disinfectant Susceptibility of Salmonella gallinarum and Pullorum Isolates from Plateau State, Nigeria
Moses Gyang; Israel Barde; James Ahmed; Agada Godwin; Dennis Kabantiyok; Masdooq Aliyu; Adoyikwu Inalegwu; Bwefan Abigail & Ngulukun Sati
Diagnostic Services Department, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) and Pullorum (SP) are non-motile poultry adapted Salmonellae. Salmonella Gallinarum causes fowl typhoid (FT), a severe systemic disease responsible for heavy economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and reduced egg production. Chickens of all ages are affected by SG and FT. Fowl typhoid is characterized by somnolence, droopy wings, ruffled feathers, anorexia, greenish yellow diarrheoa, and mortality that can be as high as 100%. Pullorum disease (PD) caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum manifests as an acute disease mainly in young birds, presenting clinical signs resembling those of FT, but with watery whitish diarrhea. There are increasing reports of resistance regarding avian Salmonella species to available disinfectants. Vaccines against avian salmonellosis are available and in use in Nigeria; however varying results are being reported. Farmers are left with the option of prevention and control of FT and PD through bio-security, good hygiene and sanitation. However, there are increasing reports on the emergence and circulation of disinfectant-resistant salmonellae in the Nigerian poultry sector. There is paucity of information on disinfectant resistance of SG and SP in Plateau State. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotypes and the pathotypes of Salmonella enterica var Gallinarum and Pullorum isolated from chickens in Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the occurrence of Salmonella Gallinarum and Pullorum in chickens in Plateau State, Nigeria and to document the susceptibility of the Salmonellae to available disinfectants. At recommended use concentrations, the 16(100%) most resistant isolates to antibiotics were susceptible to PuritR, while susceptibility to Z-germicideR, CIDR, VirkonR and JikR were susceptible at 93.8, 87.5, 56.3 and 43.8% respectively. There was no association (p > 0.05) between Salmonella serotypes and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data.
Keywords: Salmonella, Isolation, Disinfectants, Drug resistance, Fowl typhoid