Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
(ISSN: 2659 – 0743)
Volume 2, No. 2, 2020
Pages 65-72
Histopathological Changes in Muscovy Ducks and Local Chickens Infected with Velogenic Viscerotropic Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (XIVb)
Usman, S. G. 1*, Muhammed, S. M. 1, Saleh, A.1, Sani, N.A.3Oladele, S. B.1 and Sa’idu, L.2
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Newcastle disease is a severe disease of poultry with devastating consequences that is on the reportable diseases list ‘A’ of the Office of the International Epizootics (OIE). The study was carried out to determine the histopathological changes in local chickens and Muscovy ducks experimentally infected with a velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) XlVb strain. Forty birds consisting of 20 local chicks and 20 ducklings were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 birds each. The Groups were designated as group 1 (Infected chicks, IC), group 2 (control chicks, CC), group 3 (Infected ducklings, ID), group 4 (control ducklings, CD). Groups 1 and 3 (infected groups) were inoculated orally with 107.8/0.1ml/bird as the embryo lethal dose (ELD ) of the NDV (XIVb) strain. Histopathological changes in the IC thymus were interlobular 50 congestion and haemorrhages with thymus lymphocytic depletion. We observed no lesions in the
thymus of the ID. The IC liver was congested, while mild congestion and hepatocellular necrosis of the central veins occurred in the liver of ID. White pulps depletion with congested areas were observed in the spleen of the IC, while no lesions occurred in the spleen of ID. The ducklings and chicks infected with XIVb NDV strain, also showed mild necrosis with intestinal tract, visceral organs, and lymphoid of ID compared to severe necrosis observed in IC. The findings indicated that the Muscovy ducks are more resistant to XIVb strain of NDV than the chickens.
Keywords: Histopathology, Local chicks, Muscovy ducks, Newcastle disease, XIVb NDV strain